/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Project:  ISO 8211 Access
 * Purpose:  Implements the DDFRecord class.
 * Author:   Frank Warmerdam, warmerdam@pobox.com
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 1999, Frank Warmerdam
 * Copyright (c) 2010-2013, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys.com>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 ****************************************************************************/

#include "cpl_port.h"
#include "iso8211.h"

#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

#include "cpl_conv.h"
#include "cpl_error.h"
#include "cpl_vsi.h"

constexpr int nLeaderSize = 24;

/************************************************************************/
/*                             DDFRecord()                              */
/************************************************************************/

DDFRecord::DDFRecord(DDFModule *poModuleIn)
    : poModule(poModuleIn), nReuseHeader(FALSE), nFieldOffset(0),
      _sizeFieldTag(poModuleIn->GetSizeFieldTag()), _sizeFieldPos(5),
      _sizeFieldLength(5), nDataSize(0), pachData(nullptr), nFieldCount(0),
      paoFields(nullptr), bIsClone(FALSE)
{
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             ~DDFRecord()                             */
/************************************************************************/

DDFRecord::~DDFRecord()

{
    Clear();

    if (bIsClone)
        poModule->RemoveCloneRecord(this);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                                Dump()                                */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Write out record contents to debugging file.
 *
 * A variety of information about this record, and all its fields and
 * subfields is written to the given debugging file handle.  Note that
 * field definition information (ala DDFFieldDefn) isn't written.
 *
 * @param fp The standard IO file handle to write to.  i.e. stderr
 */

void DDFRecord::Dump(FILE *fp)

{
    fprintf(fp, "DDFRecord:\n");
    fprintf(fp, "    nReuseHeader = %d\n", nReuseHeader);
    fprintf(fp, "    nDataSize = %d\n", nDataSize);
    fprintf(fp, "    _sizeFieldLength=%d, _sizeFieldPos=%d, _sizeFieldTag=%d\n",
            _sizeFieldLength, _sizeFieldPos, _sizeFieldTag);

    for (int i = 0; i < nFieldCount; i++)
    {
        paoFields[i].Dump(fp);
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                                Read()                                */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Read a record of data from the file, and parse the header to    */
/*      build a field list for the record (or reuse the existing one    */
/*      if reusing headers).  It is expected that the file pointer      */
/*      will be positioned at the beginning of a data record.  It is    */
/*      the DDFModule's responsibility to do so.                        */
/*                                                                      */
/*      This method should only be called by the DDFModule class.       */
/************************************************************************/

int DDFRecord::Read()

{
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Redefine the record on the basis of the header if needed.       */
    /*      As a side effect this will read the data for the record as well.*/
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (!nReuseHeader)
    {
        return ReadHeader();
    }
    if (nFieldOffset < 0)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Otherwise we read just the data and carefully overlay it on     */
    /*      the previous records data without disturbing the rest of the    */
    /*      record.                                                         */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    size_t nReadBytes;

    CPLAssert(nFieldOffset <= nDataSize);
    nReadBytes = VSIFReadL(pachData + nFieldOffset, 1, nDataSize - nFieldOffset,
                           poModule->GetFP());
    if (nReadBytes != (size_t)(nDataSize - nFieldOffset) && nReadBytes == 0 &&
        VSIFEofL(poModule->GetFP()))
    {
        return FALSE;
    }
    else if (nReadBytes != (size_t)(nDataSize - nFieldOffset))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO,
                 "Data record is short on DDF file.\n");

        return FALSE;
    }

    // notdef: eventually we may have to do something at this point to
    // notify the DDFField's that their data values have changed.

    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               Write()                                */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Write record out to module.
 *
 * This method writes the current record to the module to which it is
 * attached.  Normally this would be at the end of the file, and only used
 * for modules newly created with DDFModule::Create().  Rewriting existing
 * records is not supported at this time.  Calling Write() multiple times
 * on a DDFRecord will result it multiple copies being written at the end of
 * the module.
 *
 * @return TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.
 */

int DDFRecord::Write()

{
    ResetDirectory();

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Prepare leader.                                                 */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    char szLeader[nLeaderSize + 1];

    memset(szLeader, ' ', nLeaderSize);

    snprintf(szLeader + 0, sizeof(szLeader) - 0, "%05d",
             (int)(nDataSize + nLeaderSize));
    szLeader[5] = ' ';
    szLeader[6] = 'D';

    snprintf(szLeader + 12, sizeof(szLeader) - 12, "%05d",
             (int)(nFieldOffset + nLeaderSize));
    szLeader[17] = ' ';

    szLeader[20] = (char)('0' + _sizeFieldLength);
    szLeader[21] = (char)('0' + _sizeFieldPos);
    szLeader[22] = '0';
    szLeader[23] = (char)('0' + _sizeFieldTag);

    /* notdef: lots of stuff missing */

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Write the leader.                                               */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int bRet = VSIFWriteL(szLeader, nLeaderSize, 1, poModule->GetFP()) > 0;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Write the remainder of the record.                              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    bRet &= VSIFWriteL(pachData, nDataSize, 1, poModule->GetFP()) > 0;

    return bRet ? TRUE : FALSE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               Clear()                                */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Clear any information associated with the last header in        */
/*      preparation for reading a new header.                           */
/************************************************************************/

void DDFRecord::Clear()

{
    if (paoFields != nullptr)
        delete[] paoFields;

    paoFields = nullptr;
    nFieldCount = 0;

    if (pachData != nullptr)
        CPLFree(pachData);

    pachData = nullptr;
    nDataSize = 0;
    nReuseHeader = FALSE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             ReadHeader()                             */
/*                                                                      */
/*      This perform the header reading and parsing job for the         */
/*      Read() method.  It reads the header, and builds a field         */
/*      list.                                                           */
/************************************************************************/

int DDFRecord::ReadHeader()

{
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Clear any existing information.                                 */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    Clear();

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Read the 24 byte leader.                                        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    char achLeader[nLeaderSize];
    int nReadBytes;

    nReadBytes = static_cast<int>(
        VSIFReadL(achLeader, 1, nLeaderSize, poModule->GetFP()));
    if (nReadBytes == 0 && VSIFEofL(poModule->GetFP()))
    {
        nFieldOffset = -1;
        return FALSE;
    }
    // The ASRP and USRP specifications mentions that 0x5E / ^ character can be
    // used as a padding byte so that the file size is a multiple of 8192.
    else if (achLeader[0] == '^')
    {
        nFieldOffset = -1;
        return FALSE;
    }
    else if (nReadBytes != (int)nLeaderSize)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO, "Leader is short on DDF file.");
        nFieldOffset = -1;
        return FALSE;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Extract information from leader.                                */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int _recLength, _fieldAreaStart;
    char _leaderIden;

    _recLength = DDFScanInt(achLeader + 0, 5);
    _leaderIden = achLeader[6];
    _fieldAreaStart = DDFScanInt(achLeader + 12, 5);

    _sizeFieldLength = achLeader[20] - '0';
    _sizeFieldPos = achLeader[21] - '0';
    _sizeFieldTag = achLeader[23] - '0';

    if (_sizeFieldLength <= 0 || _sizeFieldLength > 9 || _sizeFieldPos <= 0 ||
        _sizeFieldPos > 9 || _sizeFieldTag <= 0 || _sizeFieldTag > 9)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "ISO8211 record leader appears to be corrupt.");
        nFieldOffset = -1;
        return FALSE;
    }

    if (_leaderIden == 'R')
        nReuseHeader = TRUE;

    nFieldOffset = _fieldAreaStart - nLeaderSize;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Is there anything seemly screwy about this record?              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (((_recLength <= 24 || _recLength > 100000000) && (_recLength != 0)) ||
        _fieldAreaStart < 24 || _fieldAreaStart > 100000)
    {
        CPLError(
            CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO,
            "Data record appears to be corrupt on DDF file.\n"
            " -- ensure that the files were uncompressed without modifying\n"
            "carriage return/linefeeds (by default WINZIP does this).");
        nFieldOffset = -1;
        return FALSE;
    }

    /* ==================================================================== */
    /*      Handle the normal case with the record length available.        */
    /* ==================================================================== */
    if (_recLength != 0)
    {
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Read the remainder of the record. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        nDataSize = _recLength - nLeaderSize;
        pachData = (char *)CPLMalloc(nDataSize + 1);
        pachData[nDataSize] = '\0';

        if (VSIFReadL(pachData, 1, nDataSize, poModule->GetFP()) !=
            (size_t)nDataSize)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO,
                     "Data record is short on DDF file.");
            nFieldOffset = -1;
            return FALSE;
        }

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      If we don't find a field terminator at the end of the record */
        /*      we will read extra bytes till we get to it. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        int nDataSizeAlloc = nDataSize;
        while (
            pachData[nDataSize - 1] != DDF_FIELD_TERMINATOR &&
            (nDataSize < 2 || pachData[nDataSize - 2] != DDF_FIELD_TERMINATOR))
        {
            nDataSize++;
            if (nDataSize > nDataSizeAlloc)
            {
                nDataSizeAlloc *= 2;
                pachData = (char *)CPLRealloc(pachData, nDataSizeAlloc + 1);
            }
            pachData[nDataSize] = '\0';

            if (VSIFReadL(pachData + nDataSize - 1, 1, 1, poModule->GetFP()) !=
                1)
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO,
                         "Data record is short on DDF file.");
                nFieldOffset = -1;
                return FALSE;
            }
            static bool bFirstTime = true;
            if (bFirstTime)
            {
                bFirstTime = false;
                CPLDebug("ISO8211",
                         "Didn't find field terminator, read one more byte.");
            }
        }

        if (nFieldOffset >= nDataSize)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AssertionFailed,
                     "nFieldOffset < nDataSize");
            nFieldOffset = -1;
            return FALSE;
        }

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Loop over the directory entries, making a pass counting them. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        int i;
        int nFieldEntryWidth;

        nFieldEntryWidth = _sizeFieldLength + _sizeFieldPos + _sizeFieldTag;
        if (nFieldEntryWidth <= 0)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO, "Invalid entry width = %d",
                     nFieldEntryWidth);
            nFieldOffset = -1;
            return FALSE;
        }

        nFieldCount = 0;
        for (i = 0; i + nFieldEntryWidth <= nDataSize; i += nFieldEntryWidth)
        {
            if (pachData[i] == DDF_FIELD_TERMINATOR)
                break;

            nFieldCount++;
        }

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Allocate, and read field definitions. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        paoFields = new DDFField[nFieldCount];

        for (i = 0; i < nFieldCount; i++)
        {
            char szTag[128];
            int nEntryOffset = i * nFieldEntryWidth;
            int nFieldLength, nFieldPos;

            /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
             */
            /*      Read the position information and tag. */
            /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
             */
            strncpy(szTag, pachData + nEntryOffset, _sizeFieldTag);
            szTag[_sizeFieldTag] = '\0';

            nEntryOffset += _sizeFieldTag;
            nFieldLength =
                DDFScanInt(pachData + nEntryOffset, _sizeFieldLength);

            nEntryOffset += _sizeFieldLength;
            nFieldPos = DDFScanInt(pachData + nEntryOffset, _sizeFieldPos);

            /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
             */
            /*      Find the corresponding field in the module directory. */
            /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
             */
            DDFFieldDefn *poFieldDefn = poModule->FindFieldDefn(szTag);

            if (poFieldDefn == nullptr || nFieldLength < 0 || nFieldPos < 0)
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                         "Undefined field `%s' encountered in data record.",
                         szTag);
                return FALSE;
            }

            if (_fieldAreaStart + nFieldPos - nLeaderSize < 0 ||
                nDataSize - (_fieldAreaStart + nFieldPos - nLeaderSize) <
                    nFieldLength)
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                         "Not enough byte to initialize field `%s'.", szTag);
                nFieldOffset = -1;
                return FALSE;
            }

            /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
             */
            /*      Assign info the DDFField. */
            /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
             */
            paoFields[i].Initialize(poFieldDefn,
                                    pachData + _fieldAreaStart + nFieldPos -
                                        nLeaderSize,
                                    nFieldLength);
        }

        return TRUE;
    }
    /* ==================================================================== */
    /*      Handle the exceptional case where the record length is          */
    /*      zero.  In this case we have to read all the data based on       */
    /*      the size of data items as per ISO8211 spec Annex C, 1.5.1.      */
    /*                                                                      */
    /*      See Bugzilla bug 181 and test with file US4CN21M.000.           */
    /* ==================================================================== */
    else
    {
        CPLDebug("ISO8211",
                 "Record with zero length, use variant (C.1.5.1) logic.");

        /* ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
        /*   _recLength == 0, handle the large record.                       */
        /*                                                                   */
        /*   Read the remainder of the record.                               */
        /* ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
        nDataSize = 0;
        pachData = nullptr;

        /* ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
        /*   Loop over the directory entries, making a pass counting them.   */
        /* ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
        int nFieldEntryWidth = _sizeFieldLength + _sizeFieldPos + _sizeFieldTag;
        nFieldCount = 0;
        int i = 0;

        if (nFieldEntryWidth == 0)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_OutOfMemory,
                     "Invalid record buffer size : %d.", nFieldEntryWidth);
            nFieldOffset = -1;
            return FALSE;
        }

        char *tmpBuf = (char *)VSI_MALLOC_VERBOSE(nFieldEntryWidth);

        if (tmpBuf == nullptr)
        {
            nFieldOffset = -1;
            return FALSE;
        }

        // while we're not at the end, store this entry,
        // and keep on reading...
        do
        {
            // read an Entry:
            if (nFieldEntryWidth !=
                (int)VSIFReadL(tmpBuf, 1, nFieldEntryWidth, poModule->GetFP()))
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO,
                         "Data record is short on DDF file.");
                CPLFree(tmpBuf);
                nFieldOffset = -1;
                return FALSE;
            }

            // move this temp buffer into more permanent storage:
            char *newBuf = (char *)CPLMalloc(nDataSize + nFieldEntryWidth + 1);
            newBuf[nDataSize + nFieldEntryWidth] = '\0';
            if (pachData != nullptr)
            {
                memcpy(newBuf, pachData, nDataSize);
                CPLFree(pachData);
            }
            memcpy(&newBuf[nDataSize], tmpBuf, nFieldEntryWidth);
            pachData = newBuf;
            nDataSize += nFieldEntryWidth;

            if (DDF_FIELD_TERMINATOR != tmpBuf[0])
            {
                nFieldCount++;
                if (nFieldCount == 1000)
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO,
                             "Too many fields in DDF file.");
                    CPLFree(tmpBuf);
                    nFieldOffset = -1;
                    return FALSE;
                }
            }
        } while (DDF_FIELD_TERMINATOR != tmpBuf[0]);

        CPLFree(tmpBuf);
        tmpBuf = nullptr;

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Now, rewind a little.  Only the TERMINATOR should have been read
        // --------------------------------------------------------------------
        int rewindSize = nFieldEntryWidth - 1;
        VSILFILE *fp = poModule->GetFP();
        vsi_l_offset pos = VSIFTellL(fp) - rewindSize;
        if (VSIFSeekL(fp, pos, SEEK_SET) < 0)
            return FALSE;
        nDataSize -= rewindSize;

        // --------------------------------------------------------------------
        // Okay, now let's populate the heck out of pachData...
        // --------------------------------------------------------------------
        for (i = 0; i < nFieldCount; i++)
        {
            int nEntryOffset = (i * nFieldEntryWidth) + _sizeFieldTag;
            int nFieldLength =
                DDFScanInt(pachData + nEntryOffset, _sizeFieldLength);
            tmpBuf = nullptr;
            if (nFieldLength >= 0)
                tmpBuf = (char *)VSI_MALLOC_VERBOSE(nFieldLength);
            if (tmpBuf == nullptr)
            {
                nFieldOffset = -1;
                return FALSE;
            }

            // read an Entry:
            if (nFieldLength !=
                (int)VSIFReadL(tmpBuf, 1, nFieldLength, poModule->GetFP()))
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_FileIO,
                         "Data record is short on DDF file.");
                CPLFree(tmpBuf);
                nFieldOffset = -1;
                return FALSE;
            }

            // move this temp buffer into more permanent storage:
            char *newBuf =
                (char *)VSI_MALLOC_VERBOSE(nDataSize + nFieldLength + 1);
            if (newBuf == nullptr)
            {
                CPLFree(tmpBuf);
                nFieldOffset = -1;
                return FALSE;
            }
            newBuf[nDataSize + nFieldLength] = '\0';
            memcpy(newBuf, pachData, nDataSize);
            CPLFree(pachData);
            memcpy(&newBuf[nDataSize], tmpBuf, nFieldLength);
            CPLFree(tmpBuf);
            pachData = newBuf;
            nDataSize += nFieldLength;
        }

        if (nFieldOffset >= nDataSize)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AssertionFailed,
                     "nFieldOffset < nDataSize");
            nFieldOffset = -1;
            return FALSE;
        }

        /* ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
        /*     Allocate, and read field definitions.                         */
        /* ----------------------------------------------------------------- */
        paoFields = new DDFField[nFieldCount];

        for (i = 0; i < nFieldCount; i++)
        {
            char szTag[128];
            int nEntryOffset = i * nFieldEntryWidth;
            int nFieldLength, nFieldPos;

            /* ------------------------------------------------------------- */
            /* Read the position information and tag.                        */
            /* ------------------------------------------------------------- */
            strncpy(szTag, pachData + nEntryOffset, _sizeFieldTag);
            szTag[_sizeFieldTag] = '\0';

            nEntryOffset += _sizeFieldTag;
            nFieldLength =
                DDFScanInt(pachData + nEntryOffset, _sizeFieldLength);

            nEntryOffset += _sizeFieldLength;
            nFieldPos = DDFScanInt(pachData + nEntryOffset, _sizeFieldPos);

            /* ------------------------------------------------------------- */
            /* Find the corresponding field in the module directory.         */
            /* ------------------------------------------------------------- */
            DDFFieldDefn *poFieldDefn = poModule->FindFieldDefn(szTag);

            if (poFieldDefn == nullptr || nFieldLength < 0 || nFieldPos < 0)
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                         "Undefined field `%s' encountered in data record.",
                         szTag);
                nFieldOffset = -1;
                return FALSE;
            }

            if (_fieldAreaStart + nFieldPos - nLeaderSize < 0 ||
                nDataSize - (_fieldAreaStart + nFieldPos - nLeaderSize) <
                    nFieldLength)
            {
                CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                         "Not enough byte to initialize field `%s'.", szTag);
                nFieldOffset = -1;
                return FALSE;
            }

            /* ------------------------------------------------------------- */
            /* Assign info the DDFField.                                     */
            /* ------------------------------------------------------------- */

            paoFields[i].Initialize(poFieldDefn,
                                    pachData + _fieldAreaStart + nFieldPos -
                                        nLeaderSize,
                                    nFieldLength);
        }

        return TRUE;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             FindField()                              */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Find the named field within this record.
 *
 * @param pszName The name of the field to fetch.  The comparison is
 * case insensitive.
 * @param iFieldIndex The instance of this field to fetch.  Use zero (the
 * default) for the first instance.
 *
 * @return Pointer to the requested DDFField.  This pointer is to an
 * internal object, and should not be freed.  It remains valid until
 * the next record read.
 */

const DDFField *DDFRecord::FindField(const char *pszName, int iFieldIndex) const

{
    for (int i = 0; i < nFieldCount; i++)
    {
        const DDFFieldDefn *poFieldDefn = paoFields[i].GetFieldDefn();
        if (poFieldDefn && EQUAL(poFieldDefn->GetName(), pszName))
        {
            if (iFieldIndex == 0)
                return paoFields + i;
            else
                iFieldIndex--;
        }
    }

    return nullptr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              GetField()                              */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch field object based on index.
 *
 * @param i The index of the field to fetch.  Between 0 and GetFieldCount()-1.
 *
 * @return A DDFField pointer, or NULL if the index is out of range.
 */

const DDFField *DDFRecord::GetField(int i) const

{
    if (i < 0 || i >= nFieldCount)
        return nullptr;
    else
        return paoFields + i;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           GetIntSubfield()                           */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch value of a subfield as an integer.  This is a convenience
 * function for fetching a subfield of a field within this record.
 *
 * @param pszField The name of the field containing the subfield.
 * @param iFieldIndex The instance of this field within the record.  Use
 * zero for the first instance of this field.
 * @param pszSubfield The name of the subfield within the selected field.
 * @param iSubfieldIndex The instance of this subfield within the record.
 * Use zero for the first instance.
 * @param pnSuccess Pointer to an int which will be set to TRUE if the fetch
 * succeeds, or FALSE if it fails.  Use NULL if you don't want to check
 * success.
 * @return The value of the subfield, or zero if it failed for some reason.
 */

int DDFRecord::GetIntSubfield(const char *pszField, int iFieldIndex,
                              const char *pszSubfield, int iSubfieldIndex,
                              int *pnSuccess) const

{
    int nDummyErr = FALSE;

    if (pnSuccess == nullptr)
        pnSuccess = &nDummyErr;

    *pnSuccess = FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Fetch the field. If this fails, return zero.                    */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    const DDFField *poField = FindField(pszField, iFieldIndex);
    if (poField == nullptr)
        return 0;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get the subfield definition                                     */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    const DDFSubfieldDefn *poSFDefn =
        poField->GetFieldDefn()->FindSubfieldDefn(pszSubfield);
    if (poSFDefn == nullptr)
        return 0;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get a pointer to the data.                                      */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nBytesRemaining;

    const char *l_pachData =
        poField->GetSubfieldData(poSFDefn, &nBytesRemaining, iSubfieldIndex);
    if (l_pachData == nullptr)
        return 0;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Return the extracted value.                                     */
    /*                                                                      */
    /*      Assume an error has occurred if no bytes are consumed.           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nConsumedBytes = 0;
    int nResult =
        poSFDefn->ExtractIntData(l_pachData, nBytesRemaining, &nConsumedBytes);

    if (nConsumedBytes > 0)
        *pnSuccess = TRUE;

    return nResult;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          GetFloatSubfield()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch value of a subfield as a float (double).  This is a convenience
 * function for fetching a subfield of a field within this record.
 *
 * @param pszField The name of the field containing the subfield.
 * @param iFieldIndex The instance of this field within the record.  Use
 * zero for the first instance of this field.
 * @param pszSubfield The name of the subfield within the selected field.
 * @param iSubfieldIndex The instance of this subfield within the record.
 * Use zero for the first instance.
 * @param pnSuccess Pointer to an int which will be set to TRUE if the fetch
 * succeeds, or FALSE if it fails.  Use NULL if you don't want to check
 * success.
 * @return The value of the subfield, or zero if it failed for some reason.
 */

double DDFRecord::GetFloatSubfield(const char *pszField, int iFieldIndex,
                                   const char *pszSubfield, int iSubfieldIndex,
                                   int *pnSuccess)

{
    int nDummyErr = FALSE;

    if (pnSuccess == nullptr)
        pnSuccess = &nDummyErr;

    *pnSuccess = FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Fetch the field. If this fails, return zero.                    */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    const DDFField *poField = FindField(pszField, iFieldIndex);
    if (poField == nullptr)
        return 0;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get the subfield definition                                     */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    const DDFSubfieldDefn *poSFDefn =
        poField->GetFieldDefn()->FindSubfieldDefn(pszSubfield);
    if (poSFDefn == nullptr)
        return 0;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get a pointer to the data.                                      */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nBytesRemaining;

    const char *l_pachData =
        poField->GetSubfieldData(poSFDefn, &nBytesRemaining, iSubfieldIndex);
    if (l_pachData == nullptr)
        return 0;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Return the extracted value.                                     */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nConsumedBytes = 0;
    double dfResult = poSFDefn->ExtractFloatData(l_pachData, nBytesRemaining,
                                                 &nConsumedBytes);

    if (nConsumedBytes > 0)
        *pnSuccess = TRUE;

    return dfResult;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         GetStringSubfield()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Fetch value of a subfield as a string.  This is a convenience
 * function for fetching a subfield of a field within this record.
 *
 * @param pszField The name of the field containing the subfield.
 * @param iFieldIndex The instance of this field within the record.  Use
 * zero for the first instance of this field.
 * @param pszSubfield The name of the subfield within the selected field.
 * @param iSubfieldIndex The instance of this subfield within the record.
 * Use zero for the first instance.
 * @param pnSuccess Pointer to an int which will be set to TRUE if the fetch
 * succeeds, or FALSE if it fails.  Use NULL if you don't want to check
 * success.
 * @return The value of the subfield, or NULL if it failed for some reason.
 * The returned pointer is to internal data and should not be modified or
 * freed by the application.
 */

const char *DDFRecord::GetStringSubfield(const char *pszField, int iFieldIndex,
                                         const char *pszSubfield,
                                         int iSubfieldIndex, int *pnSuccess)

{
    int nDummyErr = FALSE;

    if (pnSuccess == nullptr)
        pnSuccess = &nDummyErr;

    *pnSuccess = FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Fetch the field. If this fails, return zero.                    */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    const DDFField *poField = FindField(pszField, iFieldIndex);
    if (poField == nullptr)
        return nullptr;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get the subfield definition                                     */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    const DDFSubfieldDefn *poSFDefn =
        poField->GetFieldDefn()->FindSubfieldDefn(pszSubfield);
    if (poSFDefn == nullptr)
        return nullptr;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get a pointer to the data.                                      */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nBytesRemaining;

    const char *l_pachData =
        poField->GetSubfieldData(poSFDefn, &nBytesRemaining, iSubfieldIndex);
    if (l_pachData == nullptr)
        return nullptr;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Return the extracted value.                                     */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    *pnSuccess = TRUE;

    return poSFDefn->ExtractStringData(l_pachData, nBytesRemaining, nullptr);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               Clone()                                */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Make a copy of a record.
 *
 * This method is used to make a copy of a record that will become (mostly)
 * the properly of application.  However, it is automatically destroyed if
 * the DDFModule it was created relative to is destroyed, as its field
 * and subfield definitions relate to that DDFModule.  However, it does
 * persist even when the record returned by DDFModule::ReadRecord() is
 * invalidated, such as when reading a new record.  This allows an application
 * to cache whole DDFRecords.
 *
 * @return A new copy of the DDFRecord.  This can be delete'd by the
 * application when no longer needed, otherwise it will be cleaned up when
 * the DDFModule it relates to is destroyed or closed.
 */

DDFRecord *DDFRecord::Clone()

{
    DDFRecord *poNR = new DDFRecord(poModule);

    poNR->nReuseHeader = FALSE;
    poNR->nFieldOffset = nFieldOffset;

    poNR->nDataSize = nDataSize;
    poNR->pachData = (char *)CPLMalloc(nDataSize + 1);
    memcpy(poNR->pachData, pachData, nDataSize);
    poNR->pachData[nDataSize] = '\0';

    poNR->nFieldCount = nFieldCount;
    poNR->paoFields = new DDFField[nFieldCount];
    for (int i = 0; i < nFieldCount; i++)
    {
        int nOffset;

        nOffset = static_cast<int>(paoFields[i].GetData() - pachData);
        poNR->paoFields[i].Initialize(paoFields[i].GetFieldDefn(),
                                      poNR->pachData + nOffset,
                                      paoFields[i].GetDataSize());
    }

    poNR->bIsClone = TRUE;
    poModule->AddCloneRecord(poNR);

    return poNR;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              CloneOn()                               */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Recreate a record referencing another module.
 *
 * Works similarly to the DDFRecord::Clone() method, but creates the
 * new record with reference to a different DDFModule.  All DDFFieldDefn
 * references are transcribed onto the new module based on field names.
 * If any fields don't have a similarly named field on the target module
 * the operation will fail.  No validation of field types and properties
 * is done, but this operation is intended only to be used between
 * modules with matching definitions of all affected fields.
 *
 * The new record will be managed as a clone by the target module in
 * a manner similar to regular clones.
 *
 * @param poTargetModule the module on which the record copy should be
 * created.
 *
 * @return NULL on failure or a pointer to the cloned record.
 */

DDFRecord *DDFRecord::CloneOn(DDFModule *poTargetModule)

{
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Verify that all fields have a corresponding field definition    */
    /*      on the target module.                                           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for (int i = 0; i < nFieldCount; i++)
    {
        DDFFieldDefn *poDefn = paoFields[i].GetFieldDefn();

        if (poTargetModule->FindFieldDefn(poDefn->GetName()) == nullptr)
            return nullptr;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Create a clone.                                                 */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    DDFRecord *poClone = Clone();

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Update all internal information to reference other module.      */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for (int i = 0; i < nFieldCount; i++)
    {
        DDFField *poField = poClone->paoFields + i;
        DDFFieldDefn *poDefn =
            poTargetModule->FindFieldDefn(poField->GetFieldDefn()->GetName());

        poField->Initialize(poDefn, poField->GetData(), poField->GetDataSize());
    }

    poModule->RemoveCloneRecord(poClone);
    poClone->poModule = poTargetModule;
    poTargetModule->AddCloneRecord(poClone);

    return poClone;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            DeleteField()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Delete a field instance from a record.
 *
 * Remove a field from this record, cleaning up the data
 * portion and repacking the fields list.  We don't try to
 * reallocate the data area of the record to be smaller.
 *
 * NOTE: This method doesn't actually remove the header
 * information for this field from the record tag list yet.
 * This should be added if the resulting record is even to be
 * written back to disk!
 *
 * @param poTarget the field instance on this record to delete.
 *
 * @return TRUE on success, or FALSE on failure.  Failure can occur if
 * poTarget isn't really a field on this record.
 */

int DDFRecord::DeleteField(DDFField *poTarget)

{
    int iTarget, i;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Find which field we are to delete.                              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for (iTarget = 0; iTarget < nFieldCount; iTarget++)
    {
        if (paoFields + iTarget == poTarget)
            break;
    }

    if (iTarget == nFieldCount)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Change the target fields data size to zero.  This takes care    */
    /*      of repacking the data array, and updating all the following     */
    /*      field data pointers.                                            */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    ResizeField(poTarget, 0);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      remove the target field, moving down all the other fields       */
    /*      one step in the field list.                                     */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for (i = iTarget; i < nFieldCount - 1; i++)
    {
        paoFields[i] = paoFields[i + 1];
    }

    nFieldCount--;

    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            ResizeField()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Alter field data size within record.
 *
 * This method will rearrange a DDFRecord altering the amount of space
 * reserved for one of the existing fields.  All following fields will
 * be shifted accordingly.  This includes updating the DDFField infos,
 * and actually moving stuff within the data array after reallocating
 * to the desired size.
 *
 * @param poField the field to alter.
 * @param nNewDataSize the number of data bytes to be reserved for the field.
 *
 * @return TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.
 */

int DDFRecord::ResizeField(DDFField *poField, int nNewDataSize)

{
    int iTarget, i;
    int nBytesToMove;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Find which field we are to resize.                              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for (iTarget = 0; iTarget < nFieldCount; iTarget++)
    {
        if (paoFields + iTarget == poField)
            break;
    }

    if (iTarget == nFieldCount)
    {
        CPLAssert(false);
        return FALSE;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Reallocate the data buffer accordingly.                         */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nBytesToAdd = nNewDataSize - poField->GetDataSize();
    const char *pachOldData = pachData;

    // Don't realloc things smaller ... we will cut off some data.
    if (nBytesToAdd > 0)
    {
        pachData = (char *)CPLRealloc(pachData, nDataSize + nBytesToAdd + 1);
        pachData[nDataSize + nBytesToAdd] = '\0';
    }

    nDataSize += nBytesToAdd;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      How much data needs to be shifted up or down after this field?  */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    nBytesToMove = nDataSize - static_cast<int>(poField->GetData() +
                                                poField->GetDataSize() -
                                                pachOldData + nBytesToAdd);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Update fields to point into newly allocated buffer.             */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for (i = 0; i < nFieldCount; i++)
    {
        int nOffset;

        nOffset = static_cast<int>(paoFields[i].GetData() - pachOldData);
        paoFields[i].Initialize(paoFields[i].GetFieldDefn(), pachData + nOffset,
                                paoFields[i].GetDataSize());
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Shift the data beyond this field up or down as needed.          */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (nBytesToMove > 0)
        memmove(
            (char *)poField->GetData() + poField->GetDataSize() + nBytesToAdd,
            (char *)poField->GetData() + poField->GetDataSize(), nBytesToMove);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Update the target fields info.                                  */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    poField->Initialize(poField->GetFieldDefn(), poField->GetData(),
                        poField->GetDataSize() + nBytesToAdd);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Shift all following fields down, and update their data          */
    /*      locations.                                                      */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (nBytesToAdd < 0)
    {
        for (i = iTarget + 1; i < nFieldCount; i++)
        {
            char *pszOldDataLocation = (char *)paoFields[i].GetData();

            paoFields[i].Initialize(paoFields[i].GetFieldDefn(),
                                    pszOldDataLocation + nBytesToAdd,
                                    paoFields[i].GetDataSize());
        }
    }
    else
    {
        for (i = nFieldCount - 1; i > iTarget; i--)
        {
            char *pszOldDataLocation = (char *)paoFields[i].GetData();

            paoFields[i].Initialize(paoFields[i].GetFieldDefn(),
                                    pszOldDataLocation + nBytesToAdd,
                                    paoFields[i].GetDataSize());
        }
    }

    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              AddField()                              */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Add a new field to record.
 *
 * Add a new zero sized field to the record.  The new field is always
 * added at the end of the record.
 *
 * NOTE: This method doesn't currently update the header information for
 * the record to include the field information for this field, so the
 * resulting record image isn't suitable for writing to disk.  However,
 * everything else about the record state should be updated properly to
 * reflect the new field.
 *
 * @param poDefn the definition of the field to be added.
 *
 * @return the field object on success, or NULL on failure.
 */

DDFField *DDFRecord::AddField(DDFFieldDefn *poDefn)

{
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Reallocate the fields array larger by one, and initialize       */
    /*      the new field.                                                  */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    DDFField *paoNewFields = new DDFField[nFieldCount + 1];
    if (nFieldCount > 0)
    {
        memcpy(paoNewFields, paoFields, sizeof(DDFField) * nFieldCount);
        delete[] paoFields;
    }
    paoFields = paoNewFields;
    nFieldCount++;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Initialize the new field properly.                              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (nFieldCount == 1)
    {
        paoFields[0].Initialize(poDefn, GetData(), 0);
    }
    else
    {
        paoFields[nFieldCount - 1].Initialize(
            poDefn,
            paoFields[nFieldCount - 2].GetData() +
                paoFields[nFieldCount - 2].GetDataSize(),
            0);
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Initialize field.                                               */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    CreateDefaultFieldInstance(paoFields + nFieldCount - 1, 0);

    return paoFields + (nFieldCount - 1);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            SetFieldRaw()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Set the raw contents of a field instance.
 *
 * @param poField the field to set data within.
 * @param iIndexWithinField The instance of this field to replace.  Must
 * be a value between 0 and GetRepeatCount().  If GetRepeatCount() is used, a
 * new instance of the field is appended.
 * @param pachRawData the raw data to replace this field instance with.
 * @param nRawDataSize the number of bytes pointed to by pachRawData.
 *
 * @return TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.
 */

int DDFRecord::SetFieldRaw(DDFField *poField, int iIndexWithinField,
                           const char *pachRawData, int nRawDataSize)

{
    int iTarget, nRepeatCount;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Find which field we are to update.                              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for (iTarget = 0; iTarget < nFieldCount; iTarget++)
    {
        if (paoFields + iTarget == poField)
            break;
    }

    if (iTarget == nFieldCount)
        return FALSE;

    nRepeatCount = poField->GetRepeatCount();

    if (iIndexWithinField < 0 || iIndexWithinField > nRepeatCount)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Are we adding an instance?  This is easier and different        */
    /*      than replacing an existing instance.                            */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (iIndexWithinField == nRepeatCount ||
        !poField->GetFieldDefn()->IsRepeating())
    {
        if (!poField->GetFieldDefn()->IsRepeating() && iIndexWithinField != 0)
            return FALSE;

        int nOldSize = poField->GetDataSize();
        if (nOldSize == 0)
            nOldSize++;  // for added DDF_FIELD_TERMINATOR.

        if (!ResizeField(poField, nOldSize + nRawDataSize))
            return FALSE;

        char *pachFieldData = (char *)poField->GetData();
        memcpy(pachFieldData + nOldSize - 1, pachRawData, nRawDataSize);
        pachFieldData[nOldSize + nRawDataSize - 1] = DDF_FIELD_TERMINATOR;

        return TRUE;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get a pointer to the start of the existing data for this        */
    /*      iteration of the field.                                         */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    const char *pachWrkData = nullptr;
    int nInstanceSize = 0;

    // We special case this to avoid a lot of warnings when initializing
    // the field the first time.
    if (poField->GetDataSize() == 0)
    {
        pachWrkData = poField->GetData();
    }
    else
    {
        pachWrkData =
            poField->GetInstanceData(iIndexWithinField, &nInstanceSize);
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Create new image of this whole field.                           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nNewFieldSize = poField->GetDataSize() - nInstanceSize + nRawDataSize;

    char *pachNewImage = (char *)CPLMalloc(nNewFieldSize);

    int nPreBytes = static_cast<int>(pachWrkData - poField->GetData());
    int nPostBytes = poField->GetDataSize() - nPreBytes - nInstanceSize;

    memcpy(pachNewImage, poField->GetData(), nPreBytes);
    memcpy(pachNewImage + nPreBytes + nRawDataSize,
           poField->GetData() + nPreBytes + nInstanceSize, nPostBytes);
    memcpy(pachNewImage + nPreBytes, pachRawData, nRawDataSize);

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Resize the field to the desired new size.                       */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    ResizeField(poField, nNewFieldSize);

    memcpy((void *)poField->GetData(), pachNewImage, nNewFieldSize);
    CPLFree(pachNewImage);

    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           UpdateFieldRaw()                           */
/************************************************************************/

int DDFRecord::UpdateFieldRaw(DDFField *poField, int iIndexWithinField,
                              int nStartOffset, int nOldSize,
                              const char *pachRawData, int nRawDataSize)

{
    int iTarget, nRepeatCount;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Find which field we are to update.                              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for (iTarget = 0; iTarget < nFieldCount; iTarget++)
    {
        if (paoFields + iTarget == poField)
            break;
    }

    if (iTarget == nFieldCount)
        return FALSE;

    nRepeatCount = poField->GetRepeatCount();

    if (iIndexWithinField < 0 || iIndexWithinField >= nRepeatCount)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Figure out how much pre and post data there is.                 */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nInstanceSize = 0;

    char *pachWrkData =
        (char *)poField->GetInstanceData(iIndexWithinField, &nInstanceSize);
    int nPreBytes =
        static_cast<int>(pachWrkData - poField->GetData() + nStartOffset);
    int nPostBytes = poField->GetDataSize() - nPreBytes - nOldSize;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If we aren't changing the size, just copy over the existing     */
    /*      data.                                                           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (nOldSize == nRawDataSize)
    {
        memcpy(pachWrkData + nStartOffset, pachRawData, nRawDataSize);
        return TRUE;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If we are shrinking, move in the new data, and shuffle down     */
    /*      the old before resizing.                                        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (nRawDataSize < nOldSize)
    {
        memcpy(((char *)poField->GetData()) + nPreBytes, pachRawData,
               nRawDataSize);
        memmove(((char *)poField->GetData()) + nPreBytes + nRawDataSize,
                ((char *)poField->GetData()) + nPreBytes + nOldSize,
                nPostBytes);
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Resize the whole buffer.                                        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (!ResizeField(poField, poField->GetDataSize() - nOldSize + nRawDataSize))
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If we growing the buffer, shuffle up the post data, and         */
    /*      move in our new values.                                         */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (nRawDataSize >= nOldSize)
    {
        memmove(((char *)poField->GetData()) + nPreBytes + nRawDataSize,
                ((char *)poField->GetData()) + nPreBytes + nOldSize,
                nPostBytes);
        memcpy(((char *)poField->GetData()) + nPreBytes, pachRawData,
               nRawDataSize);
    }

    return TRUE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           ResetDirectory()                           */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Re-prepares the directory information for the record.           */
/************************************************************************/

void DDFRecord::ResetDirectory()

{
    int iField;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Eventually we should try to optimize the size of offset and     */
    /*      field length.                                                   */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Compute how large the directory needs to be.                    */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nEntrySize, nDirSize;

    nEntrySize = _sizeFieldPos + _sizeFieldLength + _sizeFieldTag;
    nDirSize = nEntrySize * nFieldCount + 1;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If the directory size is different than what is currently       */
    /*      reserved for it, we must resize.                                */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (nDirSize != nFieldOffset)
    {
        const int nNewDataSize = nDataSize - nFieldOffset + nDirSize;
        char *pachNewData = (char *)CPLMalloc(nNewDataSize + 1);
        pachNewData[nNewDataSize] = '\0';
        memcpy(pachNewData + nDirSize, pachData + nFieldOffset,
               nNewDataSize - nDirSize);

        for (iField = 0; paoFields != nullptr && iField < nFieldCount; iField++)
        {
            int nOffset;
            DDFField *poField = /*GetField( iField )*/ paoFields + iField;

            nOffset = static_cast<int>(poField->GetData() - pachData -
                                       nFieldOffset + nDirSize);
            poField->Initialize(poField->GetFieldDefn(), pachNewData + nOffset,
                                poField->GetDataSize());
        }

        CPLFree(pachData);
        pachData = pachNewData;
        nDataSize = nNewDataSize;
        nFieldOffset = nDirSize;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Now set each directory entry.                                   */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    for (iField = 0; paoFields != nullptr && iField < nFieldCount; iField++)
    {
        DDFField *poField = /*GetField( iField )*/ paoFields + iField;
        DDFFieldDefn *poDefn = poField->GetFieldDefn();
        char szFormat[128];

        snprintf(szFormat, sizeof(szFormat), "%%%ds%%0%dd%%0%dd", _sizeFieldTag,
                 _sizeFieldLength, _sizeFieldPos);

        snprintf(pachData + nEntrySize * iField, nEntrySize + 1, szFormat,
                 poDefn->GetName(), poField->GetDataSize(),
                 poField->GetData() - pachData - nFieldOffset);
    }

    pachData[nEntrySize * nFieldCount] = DDF_FIELD_TERMINATOR;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                     CreateDefaultFieldInstance()                     */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Initialize default instance.
 *
 * This method is normally only used internally by the AddField() method
 * to initialize the new field instance with default subfield values.  It
 * installs default data for one instance of the field in the record
 * using the DDFFieldDefn::GetDefaultValue() method and
 * DDFRecord::SetFieldRaw().
 *
 * @param poField the field within the record to be assign a default
 * instance.
 * @param iIndexWithinField the instance to set (may not have been tested with
 * values other than 0).
 *
 * @return TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.
 */

int DDFRecord::CreateDefaultFieldInstance(DDFField *poField,
                                          int iIndexWithinField)

{
    int nRawSize = 0;
    char *pachRawData = poField->GetFieldDefn()->GetDefaultValue(&nRawSize);
    if (pachRawData == nullptr)
        return FALSE;

    const int nSuccess =
        SetFieldRaw(poField, iIndexWithinField, pachRawData, nRawSize);

    CPLFree(pachRawData);

    return nSuccess;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         SetStringSubfield()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Set a string subfield in record.
 *
 * The value of a given subfield is replaced with a new string value
 * formatted appropriately.
 *
 * @param pszField the field name to operate on.
 * @param iFieldIndex the field index to operate on (zero based).
 * @param pszSubfield the subfield name to operate on.
 * @param iSubfieldIndex the subfield index to operate on (zero based).
 * @param pszValue the new string to place in the subfield.  This may be
 * arbitrary binary bytes if nValueLength is specified.
 * @param nValueLength the number of valid bytes in pszValue, may be -1 to
 * internally fetch with strlen().
 *
 * @return TRUE if successful, and FALSE if not.
 */

int DDFRecord::SetStringSubfield(const char *pszField, int iFieldIndex,
                                 const char *pszSubfield, int iSubfieldIndex,
                                 const char *pszValue, int nValueLength)

{
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Fetch the field. If this fails, return zero.                    */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    DDFField *poField = FindField(pszField, iFieldIndex);
    if (poField == nullptr)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get the subfield definition                                     */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    const DDFSubfieldDefn *poSFDefn =
        poField->GetFieldDefn()->FindSubfieldDefn(pszSubfield);
    if (poSFDefn == nullptr)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      How long will the formatted value be?                           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nFormattedLen;

    if (!poSFDefn->FormatStringValue(nullptr, 0, &nFormattedLen, pszValue,
                                     nValueLength))
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get a pointer to the data.                                      */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nMaxBytes;
    char *pachSubfieldData =
        (char *)poField->GetSubfieldData(poSFDefn, &nMaxBytes, iSubfieldIndex);
    if (pachSubfieldData == nullptr)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Add new instance if we have run out of data.                    */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (nMaxBytes == 0 ||
        (nMaxBytes == 1 && pachSubfieldData[0] == DDF_FIELD_TERMINATOR))
    {
        CreateDefaultFieldInstance(poField, iSubfieldIndex);

        // Refetch.
        pachSubfieldData = (char *)poField->GetSubfieldData(
            poSFDefn, &nMaxBytes, iSubfieldIndex);
        if (pachSubfieldData == nullptr)
            return FALSE;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If the new length matches the existing length, just overlay     */
    /*      and return.                                                     */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nExistingLength;

    poSFDefn->GetDataLength(pachSubfieldData, nMaxBytes, &nExistingLength);

    if (nExistingLength == nFormattedLen)
    {
        return poSFDefn->FormatStringValue(pachSubfieldData, nFormattedLen,
                                           nullptr, pszValue, nValueLength);
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      We will need to resize the raw data.                            */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nInstanceSize = 0;

    const char *pachFieldInstData =
        poField->GetInstanceData(iFieldIndex, &nInstanceSize);

    const int nStartOffset =
        static_cast<int>(pachSubfieldData - pachFieldInstData);

    char *pachNewData = (char *)CPLMalloc(nFormattedLen);
    poSFDefn->FormatStringValue(pachNewData, nFormattedLen, nullptr, pszValue,
                                nValueLength);

    const int nSuccess =
        UpdateFieldRaw(poField, iFieldIndex, nStartOffset, nExistingLength,
                       pachNewData, nFormattedLen);

    CPLFree(pachNewData);

    return nSuccess;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           SetIntSubfield()                           */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Set an integer subfield in record.
 *
 * The value of a given subfield is replaced with a new integer value
 * formatted appropriately.
 *
 * @param pszField the field name to operate on.
 * @param iFieldIndex the field index to operate on (zero based).
 * @param pszSubfield the subfield name to operate on.
 * @param iSubfieldIndex the subfield index to operate on (zero based).
 * @param nNewValue the new value to place in the subfield.
 *
 * @return TRUE if successful, and FALSE if not.
 */

int DDFRecord::SetIntSubfield(const char *pszField, int iFieldIndex,
                              const char *pszSubfield, int iSubfieldIndex,
                              int nNewValue)

{
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Fetch the field. If this fails, return zero.                    */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    DDFField *poField = FindField(pszField, iFieldIndex);
    if (poField == nullptr)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get the subfield definition                                     */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    const DDFSubfieldDefn *poSFDefn =
        poField->GetFieldDefn()->FindSubfieldDefn(pszSubfield);
    if (poSFDefn == nullptr)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      How long will the formatted value be?                           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nFormattedLen;

    if (!poSFDefn->FormatIntValue(nullptr, 0, &nFormattedLen, nNewValue))
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get a pointer to the data.                                      */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nMaxBytes;
    char *pachSubfieldData =
        (char *)poField->GetSubfieldData(poSFDefn, &nMaxBytes, iSubfieldIndex);
    if (pachSubfieldData == nullptr)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Add new instance if we have run out of data.                    */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (nMaxBytes == 0 ||
        (nMaxBytes == 1 && pachSubfieldData[0] == DDF_FIELD_TERMINATOR))
    {
        CreateDefaultFieldInstance(poField, iSubfieldIndex);

        // Refetch.
        pachSubfieldData = (char *)poField->GetSubfieldData(
            poSFDefn, &nMaxBytes, iSubfieldIndex);
        if (pachSubfieldData == nullptr)
            return FALSE;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If the new length matches the existing length, just overlay     */
    /*      and return.                                                     */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nExistingLength;

    poSFDefn->GetDataLength(pachSubfieldData, nMaxBytes, &nExistingLength);

    if (nExistingLength == nFormattedLen)
    {
        return poSFDefn->FormatIntValue(pachSubfieldData, nFormattedLen,
                                        nullptr, nNewValue);
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      We will need to resize the raw data.                            */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nInstanceSize = 0;

    const char *pachFieldInstData =
        poField->GetInstanceData(iFieldIndex, &nInstanceSize);

    const int nStartOffset =
        static_cast<int>(pachSubfieldData - pachFieldInstData);

    char *pachNewData = (char *)CPLMalloc(nFormattedLen);
    poSFDefn->FormatIntValue(pachNewData, nFormattedLen, nullptr, nNewValue);

    const int nSuccess =
        UpdateFieldRaw(poField, iFieldIndex, nStartOffset, nExistingLength,
                       pachNewData, nFormattedLen);

    CPLFree(pachNewData);

    return nSuccess;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          SetFloatSubfield()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * Set a float subfield in record.
 *
 * The value of a given subfield is replaced with a new float value
 * formatted appropriately.
 *
 * @param pszField the field name to operate on.
 * @param iFieldIndex the field index to operate on (zero based).
 * @param pszSubfield the subfield name to operate on.
 * @param iSubfieldIndex the subfield index to operate on (zero based).
 * @param dfNewValue the new value to place in the subfield.
 *
 * @return TRUE if successful, and FALSE if not.
 */

int DDFRecord::SetFloatSubfield(const char *pszField, int iFieldIndex,
                                const char *pszSubfield, int iSubfieldIndex,
                                double dfNewValue)

{
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Fetch the field. If this fails, return zero.                    */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    DDFField *poField = FindField(pszField, iFieldIndex);
    if (poField == nullptr)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get the subfield definition                                     */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    const DDFSubfieldDefn *poSFDefn =
        poField->GetFieldDefn()->FindSubfieldDefn(pszSubfield);
    if (poSFDefn == nullptr)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      How long will the formatted value be?                           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nFormattedLen;

    if (!poSFDefn->FormatFloatValue(nullptr, 0, &nFormattedLen, dfNewValue))
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Get a pointer to the data.                                      */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nMaxBytes;
    char *pachSubfieldData =
        (char *)poField->GetSubfieldData(poSFDefn, &nMaxBytes, iSubfieldIndex);
    if (pachSubfieldData == nullptr)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Add new instance if we have run out of data.                    */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (nMaxBytes == 0 ||
        (nMaxBytes == 1 && pachSubfieldData[0] == DDF_FIELD_TERMINATOR))
    {
        CreateDefaultFieldInstance(poField, iSubfieldIndex);

        // Refetch.
        pachSubfieldData = (char *)poField->GetSubfieldData(
            poSFDefn, &nMaxBytes, iSubfieldIndex);
        if (pachSubfieldData == nullptr)
            return FALSE;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If the new length matches the existing length, just overlay     */
    /*      and return.                                                     */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nExistingLength;

    poSFDefn->GetDataLength(pachSubfieldData, nMaxBytes, &nExistingLength);

    if (nExistingLength == nFormattedLen)
    {
        return poSFDefn->FormatFloatValue(pachSubfieldData, nFormattedLen,
                                          nullptr, dfNewValue);
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      We will need to resize the raw data.                            */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    int nInstanceSize = 0;

    const char *pachFieldInstData =
        poField->GetInstanceData(iFieldIndex, &nInstanceSize);

    const int nStartOffset = (int)(pachSubfieldData - pachFieldInstData);

    char *pachNewData = (char *)CPLMalloc(nFormattedLen);
    poSFDefn->FormatFloatValue(pachNewData, nFormattedLen, nullptr, dfNewValue);

    const int nSuccess =
        UpdateFieldRaw(poField, iFieldIndex, nStartOffset, nExistingLength,
                       pachNewData, nFormattedLen);

    CPLFree(pachNewData);

    return nSuccess;
}
